What happens if RPE function changes?

• A. Photoreceptor degeneration
• B. Increased production of aqueous humor
• C. Cataract formation
• D. Increased retinal neuron proliferation

Answer: (B)

RPE function changes primarily disrupt the support system for the outer retina. The retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for phagocytosing shed photoreceptor outer segments, recycling visual pigments, and maintaining the barrier and fluid/ion balance between the retina and choroid. When this support falters, photoreceptors lose essential metabolic help, leading to dysfunction and eventually degeneration. That direct link makes photoreceptor degeneration the most likely consequence of altered RPE function among the options. Increased production of aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body, not the RPE, so it isn’t a direct result of RPE changes. Cataract formation involves the lens, and retinal neuron proliferation isn’t a typical immediate outcome of RPE dysfunction.