What condition is caused by pockets of protein and calcium salts building up in the optic nerve over time?

• A. Optic neuritis
• B. Glaucoma
• C. Keratitis
• D. Optic nerve head drusen

Answer: (D)

Pockets of protein and calcium salts accumulating in the optic nerve head describe optic nerve head drusen. These are calcified deposits that form within or just under the surface of the optic disc, often starting as protein-rich material that progressively mineralizes into calcium salts over time. This creates yellow‑white nodules at the optic nerve head and can sometimes be buried, making them look different from expected disc edema.

This explains why the other conditions listed aren’t the right fit: optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve typically with acute vision loss and pain; glaucoma involves damage to the optic nerve from elevated intraocular pressure; keratitis is inflammation of the cornea. Optic nerve head drusen are distinct deposits within the nerve head itself, and while they can cause visual field changes, they’re not the inflammatory or pressure-related processes described in the other options.